從 NCBI 的 BLASTN 對武漢肺炎冠狀病毒基因序列的小小觀察

一開始本來只是想看看冠狀病毒的 DNA 序列和 SARS 的差異.
不過似乎從搜尋工具沒辦法直接做到這點, 所以就從 wuhan 開始吧.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=wuhan

選擇用 Viruses 過濾, 從 3. 4. 看到重點了.

3.

Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome

29,903 bp linear RNA

Accession: 

MN908947.3

 

GI: 

1798172431

Assembly Protein Taxonomy

GenBankFASTAGraphics

4.

Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome

29,903 bp linear RNA

Accession: 

NC_045512.2

 

GI: 

1798174254

Assembly BioProject Protein Taxonomy

GenBankFASTAGraphics

這不就是熱騰騰的全基因體序列, 得來全不費功夫.
重點這是海鮮市場的, 就是這場瘟疫的重點之一.
至於起點, 直到今日(01/28)還全無頭緒.

接下來就用 3. 4. 進行 BLASTN https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
請輸入 MN908947.3 |NC_045512.2 (分兩行), 使用 Highly similar sequences (megablast)
因為病毒基因體只有 29.9kb 左右, 所以迅速找到相似的序列.

Select for downloading or viewing reports	Description	Max Score	Total Score	Query Cover	E value	Per. Ident	Accession
Select seq MG772933.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate bat-SL-CoVZC45, complete genome	26943	35336	95%	0.0	89.12%	MG772933.1
Select seq MG772934.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate bat-SL-CoVZXC21, complete genome	22223	35276	94%	0.0	88.65%	MG772934.1
Select seq AY395003.1	SARS coronavirus ZS-C, complete genome	15213	22564	88%	0.0	82.34%	AY395003.1
Select seq AY394996.1	SARS coronavirus ZS-B, complete genome	15213	22600	88%	0.0	82.34%	AY394996.1
Select seq AY304488.1	SARS coronavirus SZ16, complete genome	15202	22531	88%	0.0	82.33%	AY304488.1
Select seq AY304486.1	SARS coronavirus SZ3, complete genome	15202	22529	88%	0.0	82.33%	AY304486.1
Select seq AY390556.1	SARS coronavirus GZ02, complete genome	15191	22548	88%	0.0	82.32%	AY390556.1
Select seq EU371564.1	SARS coronavirus BJ182-12, complete genome	15186	22483	88%	0.0	82.32%	EU371564.1
Select seq AY394985.1	SARS coronavirus HSZ-Bb, complete genome	15186	22276	87%	0.0	82.31%	AY394985.1
Select seq AY278554.2	SARS coronavirus CUHK-W1, complete genome	15186	22577	88%	0.0	82.32%	AY278554.2
Select seq EU371559.1	SARS coronavirus ZJ02, complete genome	15180	22548	88%	0.0	82.31%	EU371559.1
Select seq AY559093.1	SARS coronavirus Sin845, complete genome	15180	22507	88%	0.0	82.31%	AY559093.1
Select seq AY394994.1	SARS coronavirus HSZ-Bc, complete genome	15180	22566	88%	0.0	82.31%	AY394994.1
Select seq AY394986.1	SARS coronavirus HSZ-Cb, complete genome	15180	22526	88%	0.0	82.31%	AY394986.1
Select seq MK211376.1	Coronavirus BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2018B, complete genome	15176	22618	91%	0.0	82.32%	MK211376.1
Select seq KY417146.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rs4231, complete genome	15176	22534	91%	0.0	82.30%	KY417146.1
Select seq JX163927.1	SARS coronavirus isolate Tor2/FP1-10851, complete genome	15175	22417	88%	0.0	82.30%	JX163927.1
Select seq JX163926.1	SARS coronavirus isolate Tor2/FP1-10912, complete genome	15175	22424	88%	0.0	82.30%	JX163926.1
Select seq JX163923.1	SARS coronavirus isolate Tor2/FP1-10912, complete genome	15175	22417	88%	0.0	82.30%	JX163923.1
Select seq JQ316196.1	SARS coronavirus HKU-39849 isolate UOB, complete genome	15175	22529	88%	0.0	82.30%	JQ316196.1
Select seq FJ882963.1	SARS coronavirus P2, complete genome	15175	22450	88%	0.0	82.30%	FJ882963.1
Select seq DQ898174.1	SARS coronavirus strain CV7, complete genome	15175	22574	88%	0.0	82.30%	DQ898174.1
Select seq AY864806.1	SARS coronavirus BJ202, complete genome	15175	22579	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY864806.1
Select seq AY714217.1	SARS Coronavirus CDC#200301157, complete genome	15175	22529	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY714217.1
Select seq AY559096.1	SARS coronavirus Sin850, complete genome	15175	22516	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY559096.1
Select seq AY559095.1	SARS coronavirus Sin847, complete genome	15175	22504	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY559095.1
Select seq AY559086.1	SARS coronavirus Sin849, complete genome	15175	22502	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY559086.1
Select seq AY559085.1	SARS coronavirus Sin848, complete genome	15175	22504	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY559085.1
Select seq AY559084.1	SARS coronavirus Sin3765V, complete genome	15175	22526	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY559084.1
Select seq AY559083.1	SARS coronavirus Sin3408, complete genome	15175	22513	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY559083.1
Select seq AY559082.1	SARS coronavirus Sin852, complete genome	15175	22502	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY559082.1
Select seq AY274119.3	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus isolate Tor2, complete genome	15175	22568	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY274119.3
Select seq AY323977.2	SARS coronavirus HSR 1, complete genome	15175	22579	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY323977.2
Select seq AY291451.1	SARS coronavirus TW1, complete genome	15175	22539	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY291451.1
Select seq AY502928.1	SARS coronavirus TW5, complete genome	15175	22533	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY502928.1
Select seq AY502926.1	SARS coronavirus TW3, complete genome	15175	22526	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY502926.1
Select seq AY502923.1	SARS coronavirus TW10, complete genome	15175	22539	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY502923.1
Select seq AY394999.1	SARS coronavirus LC2, complete genome	15175	22511	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394999.1
Select seq AY394998.1	SARS coronavirus LC1, complete genome	15175	22561	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394998.1
Select seq AY394995.1	SARS coronavirus HSZ-Cc, complete genome	15175	22555	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394995.1
Select seq AY394993.1	SARS coronavirus HGZ8L2, complete genome	15175	22561	88%	0.0	82.31%	AY394993.1
Select seq AY394992.1	SARS coronavirus HZS2-C, complete genome	15175	22566	88%	0.0	82.31%	AY394992.1
Select seq AY394991.1	SARS coronavirus HZS2-Fc, complete genome	15175	22566	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394991.1
Select seq AY394987.1	SARS coronavirus HZS2-Fb, complete genome	15175	22548	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394987.1
Select seq AY394983.1	SARS coronavirus HSZ2-A, complete genome	15175	22535	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394983.1
Select seq AY394978.1	SARS coronavirus GZ-B, complete genome	15175	22461	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394978.1
Select seq AY357075.1	SARS coronavirus PUMC02, complete genome	15175	22563	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY357075.1
Select seq AY282752.2	SARS coronavirus CUHK-Su10, complete genome	15175	22561	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY282752.2
Select seq AY427439.1	SARS coronavirus AS, complete genome	15175	22522	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY427439.1
Select seq AY283796.1	SARS coronavirus Sin2679, complete genome	15175	22528	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY283796.1
Select seq AP006561.1	SARS coronavirus TWY genomic RNA, complete genome	15175	22535	88%	0.0	82.30%	AP006561.1
Select seq JX163925.1	SARS coronavirus isolate Tor2/FP1-10895, complete genome	15173	22415	88%	0.0	82.30%	JX163925.1
Select seq JX163928.1	SARS coronavirus isolate Tor2/FP1-10895, complete genome	15171	22424	88%	0.0	82.30%	JX163928.1
Select seq JX163924.1	SARS coronavirus isolate Tor2/FP1-10851, complete genome	15169	22420	88%	0.0	82.30%	JX163924.1
Select seq GU553363.1	SARS coronavirus HKU-39849 isolate TCVSP-HARROD-00001, complete genome	15169	22415	88%	0.0	82.30%	GU553363.1
Select seq EU371563.1	SARS coronavirus BJ182-8, complete genome	15169	22504	88%	0.0	82.30%	EU371563.1
Select seq EU371561.1	SARS coronavirus BJ182b, complete genome	15169	22509	88%	0.0	82.30%	EU371561.1
Select seq EU371560.1	SARS coronavirus BJ182a, complete genome	15169	22509	88%	0.0	82.30%	EU371560.1
Select seq AY864805.1	SARS coronavirus BJ162, complete genome	15169	22574	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY864805.1
Select seq AY278741.1	SARS coronavirus Urbani, complete genome	15169	22535	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY278741.1
Select seq AY559087.1	SARS coronavirus Sin3725V, complete genome	15169	22518	88%	0.0	82.29%	AY559087.1
Select seq AY394989.1	SARS coronavirus HZS2-D, complete genome	15169	22561	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY394989.1
Select seq AY485278.1	SARS coronavirus Sino3-11, complete genome	15169	22546	88%	0.0	82.30%	AY485278.1
Select seq AY502927.1	SARS coronavirus TW4, complete genome	15167	22526	88%	0.0	82.29%	AY502927.1
Select seq GU553365.1	SARS coronavirus HKU-39849 isolate TCVSP-HARROD-00003, complete genome	15165	22406	88%	0.0	82.29%	GU553365.1
Select seq KJ473816.1	BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2013, complete genome	15163	21673	85%	0.0	82.29%	KJ473816.1
Select seq EU371562.1	SARS coronavirus BJ182-4, complete genome	15158	22498	88%	0.0	82.29%	EU371562.1
Select seq MK211377.1	Coronavirus BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2018C, complete genome	15149	22403	88%	0.0	82.29%	MK211377.1
Select seq KY417145.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rf4092, complete genome	15134	22372	86%	0.0	82.26%	KY417145.1
Select seq MK211375.1	Coronavirus BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2018A, complete genome	15117	22368	88%	0.0	82.26%	MK211375.1
Select seq KF294455.1	SARS-related bat coronavirus isolate Anlong-111 orf1ab polyprotein and orf1a polyprotein genes, complete cds	15084	16332	64%	0.0	82.35%	KF294455.1
Select seq JX993988.1	Bat coronavirus Cp/Yunnan2011, complete genome	15043	21834	86%	0.0	82.18%	JX993988.1
Select seq KJ473814.1	BtRs-BetaCoV/HuB2013, complete genome	14970	22339	87%	0.0	82.20%	KJ473814.1
Select seq DQ648857.1	Bat coronavirus (BtCoV/279/2005), complete genome	14916	22163	87%	0.0	82.16%	DQ648857.1
Select seq JX993987.1	Bat coronavirus Rp/Shaanxi2011, complete genome	14892	21819	88%	0.0	82.00%	JX993987.1
Select seq KF294457.1	SARS-related bat coronavirus isolate Longquan-140 orf1ab polyprotein, spike glycoprotein, envelope protein, membrane protein, and nucleocapsid protein genes, complete cds	14759	23767	91%	0.0	81.89%	KF294457.1
Select seq MK211374.1	Coronavirus BtRl-BetaCoV/SC2018, complete genome	14731	21836	87%	0.0	82.02%	MK211374.1
Select seq KJ473813.1	BtRf-BetaCoV/SX2013, complete genome	14722	21360	87%	0.0	81.82%	KJ473813.1
Select seq KJ473812.1	BtRf-BetaCoV/HeB2013, complete genome	14683	21261	86%	0.0	81.79%	KJ473812.1
Select seq KJ473811.1	BtRf-BetaCoV/JL2012, complete genome	14683	21067	86%	0.0	81.79%	KJ473811.1
Select seq GQ153542.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-7, complete genome	14683	21958	88%	0.0	81.82%	GQ153542.1
Select seq GQ153543.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-8, complete genome	14678	21996	88%	0.0	81.82%	GQ153543.1
Select seq KY770860.1	Bat coronavirus isolate Jiyuan-84, complete genome	14628	21416	87%	0.0	81.74%	KY770860.1
Select seq DQ648856.1	Bat coronavirus (BtCoV/273/2005), complete genome	14556	21386	87%	0.0	81.66%	DQ648856.1
Select seq DQ412042.1	Bat SARS coronavirus Rf1, complete genome	14556	21394	87%	0.0	81.66%	DQ412042.1
Select seq GQ153547.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-12, complete genome	14550	21830	88%	0.0	81.68%	GQ153547.1
Select seq KF294456.1	SARS-related bat coronavirus isolate Jiyuan-331 orf1ab polyprotein gene, complete cds	14539	15829	66%	0.0	81.66%	KF294456.1
Select seq FJ211859.1	Recombinant coronavirus clone Bat SARS-CoV, complete sequence	14517	21878	89%	0.0	81.65%	FJ211859.1
Select seq DQ084199.1	bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-2, complete genome	14512	21810	88%	0.0	81.64%	DQ084199.1
Select seq GQ153540.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-5, complete genome	14506	21791	88%	0.0	81.63%	GQ153540.1
Select seq GQ153539.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-4, complete genome	14506	21797	88%	0.0	81.63%	GQ153539.1
Select seq GQ153546.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-11, complete genome	14501	21780	88%	0.0	81.63%	GQ153546.1
Select seq DQ022305.2	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-1, complete genome	14501	21863	89%	0.0	81.63%	DQ022305.2
Select seq DQ084200.1	bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-3, complete genome	14501	21849	89%	0.0	81.63%	DQ084200.1
Select seq GQ153548.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-13, complete genome	14495	21769	88%	0.0	81.63%	GQ153548.1
Select seq GQ153541.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-6, complete genome	14495	21797	88%	0.0	81.62%	GQ153541.1
Select seq GQ153545.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-10, complete genome	14484	21758	88%	0.0	81.61%	GQ153545.1
Select seq GQ153544.1	Bat SARS coronavirus HKU3-9, complete genome	14484	21758	88%	0.0	81.61%	GQ153544.1
Select seq KU182964.1	Bat coronavirus isolate JTMC15, complete genome	13501	20280	79%	0.0	82.94%	KU182964.1
Select seq KY938558.1	Bat coronavirus strain 16BO133, complete genome	13452	20206	79%	0.0	82.88%	KY938558.1

使用圖形化顯示

• Distribution of the top 200 Blast Hits on 100 subject sequences

  Query

  1

  5500

  11000

  16500

  22000

  27500

發現武漢海鮮市場樣本大致上包含第一與第二筆, 但是有一段卻多出來了.
那一段大概在 22000 ~ 23400 約 1400 bps.

此時調出武漢海鮮市場樣本 01/23 的較新版全基因體
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN908947.3

找出 22000 ~ 23400 序列.
aaaaacaacaaaagttggatggaaagtgagttcagagtttattctagtgcgaataattgcacttttgaatatgtctctcagccttttcttatggaccttgaaggaaaacagggtaatttcaaaaatcttagggaatttgtgtttaagaatattgatggttattttaaaatatattctaagcacacgcctattaatttagtgcgtgatctccctcagggtttttcggctttagaaccattggtagatttgccaataggtattaacatcactaggtttcaaactttacttgctttacatagaagttatttgactcctggtgattcttcttcaggttggacagctggtgctgcagcttattatgtgggttatcttcaacctaggacttttctattaaaatataatgaaaatggaaccattacagatgctgtagactgtgcacttgaccctctctcagaaacaaagtgtacgttgaaatccttcactgtagaaaaaggaatctatcaaacttctaactttagagtccaaccaacagaatctattgttagatttcctaatattacaaacttgtgcccttttggtgaagtttttaacgccaccagatttgcatctgtttatgcttggaacaggaagagaatcagcaactgtgttgctgattattctgtcctatataattccgcatcattttccacttttaagtgttatggagtgtctcctactaaattaaatgatctctgctttactaatgtctatgcagattcatttgtaattagaggtgatgaagtcagacaaatcgctccagggcaaactggaaagattgctgattataattataaattaccagatgattttacaggctgcgttatagcttggaattctaacaatcttgattctaaggttggtggtaattataattacctgtatagattgtttaggaagtctaatctcaaaccttttgagagagatatttcaactgaaatctatcaggccggtagcacaccttgtaatggtgttgaaggttttaattgttactttcctttacaatcatatggtttccaacccactaatggtgttggttaccaaccatacagagtagtagtactttcttttgaacttctacatgcaccagcaactgtttgtggacctaaaaagtctactaatttggttaaaaacaaatgtgtcaatttcaacttcaatggtttaacaggcacaggtgttcttactgagtctaacaaaaagtttctgcctttccaacaatttggcagagacattgctgacactactgatgctgtccgtgatccacagacacttgagattcttgacattacaccatgttcttttggtggtgtcagtgttataacaccaggaacaaatacttctaaccaggttgctgttctttatca

再到 BLASTN 用這段序列進行搜尋, 這次找到不多序列. 但是有趣的結果來了.

• 
  Distance tree of results
 

Sequences producing significant alignments:

Select for downloading or viewing reports	Description	Max Score	Total Score	Query Cover	E value	Per. Ident	Accession
Select seq KY417148.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rs4247, complete genome	237	237	22%	1e-57	80.51%	KY417148.1
Select seq KC880992.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs4085 spike protein (S) gene, partial cds	231	231	20%	5e-56	81.10%	KC880992.1
Select seq KC880989.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs3267-2 spike protein (S) gene, partial cds	231	231	20%	5e-56	81.10%	KC880989.1
Select seq KC880984.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs3262-2 spike protein (S) gene, partial cds	231	231	20%	5e-56	81.10%	KC880984.1
Select seq LC469301.1	Bat coronavirus Rc-CoV-3 S gene for Spike protein, partial cds	230	230	25%	2e-55	78.18%	LC469301.1
Select seq MK211375.1	Coronavirus BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2018A, complete genome	226	226	22%	2e-54	79.94%	MK211375.1
Select seq MK211378.1	Coronavirus BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2018D, complete genome	220	220	22%	1e-52	79.56%	MK211378.1
Select seq MG772933.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate bat-SL-CoVZC45, complete genome	198	198	23%	5e-46	77.98%	MG772933.1
Select seq KY417147.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rs4237, complete genome	193	193	22%	2e-44	78.06%	KY417147.1
Select seq KY417143.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rs4081, complete genome	193	193	22%	2e-44	78.06%	KY417143.1
Select seq FJ588686.1	Bat SARS CoV Rs672/2006, complete genome	193	193	22%	2e-44	78.06%	FJ588686.1
Select seq KJ473816.1	BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2013, complete genome	191	191	23%	9e-44	77.31%	KJ473816.1
Select seq MG772934.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate bat-SL-CoVZXC21, complete genome	187	187	22%	1e-42	77.74%	MG772934.1
Select seq KY417149.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rs4255, complete genome	187	187	22%	1e-42	77.74%	KY417149.1
Select seq KC881003.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs4087-2 spike protein (S) gene, partial cds	187	187	20%	1e-42	78.45%	KC881003.1
Select seq KC880995.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs4096 spike protein (S) gene, partial cds	187	187	20%	1e-42	78.45%	KC880995.1
Select seq KY770859.1	Bat coronavirus isolate Anlong-112, complete genome	185	185	23%	4e-42	77.01%	KY770859.1
Select seq KY770858.1	Bat coronavirus isolate Anlong-103, complete genome	185	185	23%	4e-42	77.01%	KY770858.1
Select seq KC881001.1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs4108 spike protein (S) gene, partial cds	176	176	20%	2e-39	77.78%	KC881001.1

• Distribution of the top 19 Blast Hits on 19 subject sequences

  Query

  1

  250

  500

  750

  1000

  1250
其中 500 ~ 850 左右的片段與右方的序列群不同只找到一筆資料, 卻更增加想像空間.

這是從日本野生蝙蝠取得的冠狀病毒 Spkie 蛋白 S 基因的序列.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/LC469301.1?report=genbank&log$=nucltop&blast_rank=5&RID=2VJ0F2KE014 

• Bat coronavirus Rc-CoV-3 S gene for Spike protein, partial cds

  GenBank: LC469301.1

  FASTA Graphics
  
  

  Go to:

  LOCUS       LC469301                 558 bp    RNA     linear   VRL 21-SEP-2019
  DEFINITION  Bat coronavirus Rc-CoV-3 S gene for Spike protein, partial cds.
  ACCESSION   LC469301
  VERSION     LC469301.1
  KEYWORDS    .
  SOURCE      Bat coronavirus
    ORGANISM  Bat coronavirus
              Viruses; Riboviria; Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae;
              Coronavirinae; unclassified coronaviruses.
  REFERENCE   1
    AUTHORS   Kobayashi,T., Murakami,S. and Horimoto,T.
    TITLE     Novel coronaviruses harbored by wild bats in Japan
    JOURNAL   Unpublished
  REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 558)
    AUTHORS   Kobayashi,T., Murakami,S. and Horimoto,T.
    TITLE     Direct Submission
    JOURNAL   Submitted (20-MAR-2019) Contact:Tomoya Kobayashi The Universtiy of
              Tokyo, Department of veterinary microbiology; 1-1-1 Yayoi
              Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
       source          1..558
                       /organism="Bat coronavirus"
                       /mol_type="genomic RNA"
                       /strain="Rc-CoV-3"
                       /host="Rhinolophus cornutus"
                       /db_xref="taxon:1508220"
                       /country="Japan"
 

其餘也有研究 Spike 蛋白的 S 基因序列但是都侷限在 1100 ~ 1400 左右.
可能原因有:
1. 此區塊與致病相關, 所以有較大數量的定序成品.
2. 左方的區塊可能被認為與致病不相關?
3. 左方區塊出現僅在此次捕捉的野生蝙蝠樣本出現, 就未曾出現.

只是比較多數蝙蝠基因體序列和武漢海鮮市場樣本,
發現武漢海鮮市場樣本多了 22000 ~ 23400 這一段完整的序列.
排除此段為定序難度高區域. 但是武漢的樣本多了這麼一段,
是大自然演化的結果或是人為操控剪接基因造成的???

讓我們繼續看下去.

現在首重在找出病源, 讓檢驗方法簡易且快速. 畢竟潛伏期就能傳染實在
讓發燒篩檢的成果打了折扣. 更重要的是要在最短時間生產出解方及疫苗.
要不然已經發病的患者不能等很久的.

參考資料:
1. NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
               https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
2. 各種動物與人類冠狀病毒之比較 https://www.coa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=5092